A Case of X-Linked Moesin-Associated Immune Deficiency in a Pediatric Patient

Background: X-Linked Moesin-Associated Immune Deficiency (X-MAID) is a rare severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) subtype that can present at any age due to its variability. Depending on severity, patients demonstrate failure to thrive, recurrent bacterial and viral infections, and increased susceptibility to varicella zoster. It has been characterized by marked lymphopenia with hypogammaglobulinemia and impaired T-cell migration and proliferation. Case Presentation: This is a report of a Cuban 7-year-old male with poor weight gain and facial dysmorphia. He had a history of recurrent bacterial gastrointestinal infections and pneumonia beginning at 4 months of age. He additionally had 4-6 upper respiratory tract and ear infections annually. While still living in Cuba, he was admitted for a profound EBV infection in the setting of significant leukopenia. A bone marrow biopsy confirmed no malignancy. After he moved to the United States, his laboratory work-up revealed marked leukopenia with low absolute neutrophil and lymphocyte count with low T and B cells, very low immunoglobulin levels IgG, IgA, and IgM, and poor vaccination responses to streptococcus pneumonia, varicella zoster, and SARS-CoV-2. Genetic testing revealed a missense pathogenic variant c.511C>T (p.Arg171Trp) in the moesin (MSN) gene associated with X-MAID. He was managed with Bactrim and acyclovir prophylaxis, and immunoglobulin replacement therapy, and considered for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Discussion(s): Diagnosis of X-MAID should be considered in patients with recurrent infections and profound lymphopenia. As with SCID, early diagnosis and intervention is of utmost importance to prevent morbidity and mortality. This case demonstrates the importance of genetic testing in identifying this disease as it may prompt an immunologist to consider HSCT if conservative management is suboptimal. In the current literature, HSCT appears promising, but the long-term outcomes have yet to be described.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc.

How to find undetected cases of dementia in care homes: A new approach to dementia diagnosis using a diagnostic tool with five criteria to check and specialist nurses going into care homes and assessing residents could improve detection rates

The pandemic took its toll on memory clinics with many forced to close or scale back their services. This led to lengthening waits for dementia assessment and left many without a diagnosis.

Lipid nanoparticle library towards development next generation genomic medicines

Ionizable amino lipids are a major constituent of the lipid nanoparticles for delivering nucleic acid therapeutics (e.g., DLin-MC3-DMA in ONPATTRO , ALC-0315 in Comirnaty , SM-102 in Spikevax ). Scarcity of lipids that are suitable for cell therapy, vaccination, and gene therapies continue to be a problem in advancing many potential diagnostic/therapeutic/vaccine candidates to the clinic. Herein, we describe the development of novel ionizable lipids to be used as functional excipients for designing vehicles for nucleic acid therapeutics/vaccines in vivo or ex vivo use in cell therapy applications. We first studied the transfection efficiency (TE) of LNP-based mRNA formulations of these ionizable lipid candidates in primary human T cells and established a workflow for engineering of primary immune T cells. We then adapted this workflow towards bioengineering of CAR constructs to T cells towards non-viral CAR T therapy. Lipids were also tested in rodents for vaccine applications using self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) encoding various antigens. We have then evaluated various ionizable lipid candidates and their biodistribution along with the mRNA/DNA translation exploration using various LNP compositions. Further, using ionizable lipids from the library, we have shown gene editing of various targets in rodents. We believe that these studies will pave the path to the advancement in nucleic acid based therapeutics and vaccines, or cell gene therapy agents for early diagnosis and detection of cancer, and for targeted genomic medicines towards cancer treatment and diagnosis.

X-rays imaging analysis for early diagnosis of the thoracic disorders using Capsule Neural Network with Transfer learning

Over the past few years, millions of people around the world have developed thoracic ailments. MRI, CT scan, reverse transcription, and other methods are among those used to detect thoracic disorders. These procedures demand medical knowledge and are exceedingly pricy and delicate. An alternate and more widely used method to diagnose diseases of the chest is X-ray imaging. The goal of this study was to increase detection precision in order to develop a computationally assisted diagnostic tool. Different diseases can be identified by combining radiological imaging with various artificial intelligence application approaches. In this study, transfer learning (TL) and capsule neural network techniques are used to propose a method for the automatic detection of various thoracic illnesses utilizing digitized chest X-ray pictures of suspected patients. Four public databases were combined to build a dataset for this purpose. Three pre trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were utilized in TL with augmentation as a preprocessing technique to train and evaluate the model. Pneumonia, COVID19, normal, and TB (Tb) were the four class classifiers used to train the network to categorize. © 2023 IEEE.

Satisfaction of dentist users of the oral telediagnosis service in the COVID-19 pandemic, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Introduction: In early 2020, restrictions were established to control the transmission of COVID-19, such as the suspension of elective public health care. Dental teleservice has become an alternative to patient follow-up. In Brazil, the Federal Council of Dentistry published Resolution 226/2020, allowing the performance of dentistry at a distance. Objective(s): To assess dentists' satisfaction with the use of the oral telediagnosis service during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material(s) and Method(s): Cross-sectional and quantitative study. An online questionnaire was released to 636 dentists in the North of Minas Gerais, Brazil, between May and September 2022, with 298 respondents. The database was built using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, 24.0 software. This study was approved by the CEP (#5.267.570). Result(s): There was a predominance of dentists working in the public health network (86.2%;n=257). Most profession-als reported a drop in face-to-face calls during the pandemic (94.2%;n=281), and 86.2% (n=257) had losses from their activities. Teleservice resources were used during social isolation by 75.8% (n=226) of dentists, mainly for patient follow-up (63.7%;n=190). Consultation by phone was the main virtual method (63.7%;n=190). Regarding teleservice, 58.6% (n=119) of dentists realized the system was easy to use, and 50.2% (n=101) would like to continue using it after the pandemic. Conclusion(s): This is the first Brazilian study to assess dentists' satisfaction with teleservice. It is concluded that teleservice can contribute to early diagnosis and assistance by professional users.

Clinical and laboratory markers of severity of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19).

The aim of the research. To study clinical and laboratory features of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in order to develop a model that would allow, taking the publicly available research methods into account, to carry out early diagnosis of severe community-acquired pneumonia against the background of the new coronavirus infection. Material and methods. A total of 82 COVID-19 patients who complied with inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. Depending on the clinical severity, three study groups were formed: group 1 included 13 patients with uncomplicated COVID-19, group 2 consisted of 39 patients with non-severe forms of pneumonia that developed against COVID-19 and group 3 was comprised of 30 patients with COVID-19 complicated by severe pneumonia. The groups were comparable in age and gender. All patients underwent general clinical examination, laboratory tests, including general and biochemical blood analysis, as well as chest computed tomography. Results. The clinical picture in COVID-19 patients differed depending on the disease severity. Coughing and shortness of breath were more often observed in patients with severe pneumonia;sore throat, on the contrary, was more often noted in patients with uncomplicated COVID-19. On admission to the inpatient facility, patients with severe pneumonia had higher body temperature and respiratory rate, with simultaneous decrease in blood oxygen saturation. One half of the patients with severe pneumonia had hypertensive disease in medical history, and one third had ischaemic heart disease. As a rule, uncomplicated COVID-19 patients did not have ischaemic heart disease. It was found through laboratory analysis of blood that groups of patients significantly differed in the levels of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils and eosinophils. Conclusion. The use of such clinical and laboratory data as acute respiratory failure, fever, the levels of neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils and basophils makes it possible to identify patients with more severe pneumonia against the background of COVID-19 even before chest computed tomography. Key words:.Copyright © 2022, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University. All rights reserved.

Clinical course and diagnosis of cerebral vein and sinus thrombosis associated with COVID-19 in young and middle-aged patients.

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a form of cerebrovascular disorders that is difficult to recognize, it is potentially a life threatening condition and requires timely anticoagulant therapy. In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a steady increase in CVT (4.2% vs. 0.5-1%). At the same time, mortality in patients with CVT on the background of COVID-19 significantly exceeds the mortality in patients with CVT without COVID-19 (45.5% vs. 15%). Objective(s): to study the clinical course of CVT, to determine the diagnostic value of radiological methods and the significance of genetic risk factors for thrombosis in the development of CVT in young and middle-aged patients against the background of COVID-19. Material and methods. Seven patients were examined: six women (five of them of reproductive age) and one man, aged 26 to 57 years (mean age 37 years). The main clinical and neurological manifestations of CVT, the results of laboratory examination, neuroimaging, and the data of molecular genetic analysis of risk factors for thrombosis were analyzed. Results. The course of COVID-19 was severe in one case, and moderate in the rest of cases. The interval between the onset of COVID-19 symptoms and the development of CVT ranged from 7 to 25 days. In three cases CVT had an acute course and was accompanied by the development of a stroke (in two cases, hemorrhagic stroke was noted, in one case, multifocal ischemic stroke), in other cases, a subacute course of CVT was noted. Genetic risk factors for thrombosis were identified in all patients. Conclusion. The diagnosis of CVT in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic is particularly difficult, since the most common symptom of CVT - headache (90%) - can be regarded as a manifestation of COVID-19. At the same time, timely diagnosis of CVT and immediate initiation of anticoagulant therapy are associated with a relatively favorable prognosis.Copyright © 2023 Ima-Press Publishing House. All rights reserved.

Computerized intelligence and mathematical models for COVID-19 management: a short communication

The onset of COVID- 19 pandemic has resulted in the transition from the conventional face to face health care strategies to computerized approaches, considering distances, the importance of quarantine, and early diagnosis and management. As far as the rapid management of the infection is concerned, telemedicine has been introduced as a beneficial approach. The use of telemedicine is thought to decrease the risk of cross contamination. Moreover, it provides the access to the health care for remote locations. The health care staff can use the computational analyses to get rapid access to the accurate epidemiological and laboratory data. The risk assessment provided by the mathematical models seems beneficial for decision-making in regards to the prognosis and management. We aimed to explore the breakthrough of telemedicine regarding the pandemic, also attempting to describe the related problems and challenges.

Maxillary osteomyelitis secondary to mucormycosis, a sequel of COVID-19: a clinical case report

Introduction: One of the consequences of COVID-19 is the incidence of mucormycosis in the jaws and subsequent osteomyelitis in patients with undiagnosed or uncontrolled comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus and associated immunosuppression. Case Report: A 52-year-old male patient with a history of COVID-19 two months ago presented a painful ulcerative lesion of insidious onset in the palatal raphe measuring approximately 2 mm. He referred to numbness of the palatal region of one month of evolution. During the physical examination, purulent content, multiple pustules in the anterior maxillary buccal mucosa, and mobility of upper anterior teeth were observed. The CT revealed isodense bilateral images in maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses, bone sequestrations, and partial loss of anterior vestibular cortical bone. Laboratory tests revealed no abnormality, except for HbH1c: 10.2gr/dl. The patient was hospitalized for control of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. Maxillary incisional biopsy was performed, and microscopic analysis showed a mixed inflammatory infiltrate, fibrin deposits with eosinophilic and birefringent ribbon-like hyphae, branched at right angles, compatible with maxillary osteomyelitis secondary to mucormycosis. The treatment started with antifungal and intravenous antibiotics, followed by surgical cleaning under general anesthesia. The patient progressed favorably. Conclusion(s): Immunosuppression resulting from COVID-19 and/or uncontrolled systemic diseases can condition the appearance of rare opportunistic microorganisms causing infections such as mucormycosis. Early diagnosis and treatment make a difference in the morbidity and mortality of patients.

ENT Manifestation of Covid-19: An Experience at a Tertiary Care Medical Teaching Institute of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Aim: To determine the frequency of ear, nose and throat related disorders of covid disease in PCR proven positive Covid-19 patients. Method(s): This prospective study included 320 Covid-19 positive patients and was conducted at ENT Department of MTI Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from May 1, 2021 to April 30, 2022. The acute phase of covid-19 was taken as the time interval between the onsets of symptoms as day 1 today 30th post infection. Questions were asked about the following symptoms;flu, sore throat, sinus involvement, taste disturbances, smell disturbances, hoarseness and hearing loss. Clinical examination and relevant investigations were carried out to make a diagnosis. The data was documented on a proforma & analyzed using SPSS 26.0 for windows to determine the frequencies of signs & symptoms related to ENT. Result(s): A total of 320 patients were included in the study. The ages ranged from 18-50 years with mean age of 33.96 years. The age group 18-25 years mostly presented with symptoms related to ENT. Upper respiratory tract infection was the commonest symptom (60.6%) followed by sore throat (57.5%). Smell and taste disturbances accounted for in 46.3% & 15.3 % of the patients respectively. Fungal rhinosinusitis was observed in 6.9% of the patients. As there is a wide variation of the ENT symptoms in covid disease, it is important to know the predictive symptoms so that appropriate measures can be adopted. Identification & isolation of patients will prevent spread of disease and focused therapy and investigations. Practical implication Conclusion(s): The portal of entry for the SARS-CoV-2 is through the upper airway. It is important to know the symptoms related to ENT to make an early diagnosis and therefore, institute measures for management and prevention of further spread of the disease.Copyright © 2023 Lahore Medical And Dental College. All rights reserved.

Fatal COVID-19 in an infant prompted an early diagnosis of ZNFX1 deficiency in a sibling

Background: NFX1-type zinc finger-containing 1 (ZNFX1) is an interferon-stimulated double-stranded RNA sensor that restricts the replication of RNA viruses in mice. ZNFX1 deficiency in humans is very rare;to date, only fifteen cases have been reported by Vavassori S et al. (10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.045). The disease presented in all cases as severe viral infections complicated by multisystem inflammation evolved to multiorgan failure with a high mortality rate. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Section at Queen Rania Children's Hospital in Jordan had confirmed the diagnosis of ZNFX1 deficiency in an infant at his first presentation with severe viral illness based on the positive family history of one sibling death caused by complicated COVID-19 infection. Case presentation: A 12-month-old boy was born to consanguineous parents, full-term, with no NICU admission. He was doing well till the age of four months when he was admitted to the hospital with fever, hypoactivity, and maculopapular skin rash. On admission, he was ill, hypoactive, and febrile, and a physical exam showed hepatosplenomegaly and maculopapular skin rash. His lab showed thrombocytopenia, elevated transaminases, hyperferritinemia, and high CRP;he was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, but he continued to deteriorate, and his infectious workup was unrevealing, including COVID-19 PCR. His older sibling died at eight months in 2020 when she got a COVID-19 infection, deceased after rapid deterioration evolved to multiorgan failure. Unfortunately, she had no stored DNA, as she was treated at a peripheral hospital. Based on this presentation and the fatal COVID-19 infection, pediatric immunology service got consulted;we did an immunological workup, which showed normal lymphocyte subsets, Immunoglobulins, and bacterial antibodies. Whole exome sequencing showed a homozygous frameshift mutation in the ZNFX1 gene, protein change defect had detected;p.Tyr555MetfsTer6, and nucleotide change variant: c.1663_1665delTACinsAT. Family screening showed heterozygous for the same variant in both parents and a healthy sibling. The patient was diagnosed with the hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis-like disease and treated with steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and antimicrobials, he showed complete recovery, and we are going to do bone marrow transplantation as his brother is 8/8 HLA matched.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc.

The impact of COVID-19 on the indicators of the oncological service for breast cancer in Kazakhstan

Introduction. According to International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2040, about 3 million new cases of breast cancer (BC) are predicted and about 1 million women are expected to die from this pathology. The aim of the study to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the indicators of the oncological service for breast cancer in Kazakhstan. Material and research methods. The main method was a retrospective study using descriptive, analytical methods of biomedical statistics and data of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan - form No.7 and 35 regarding BC (ICD 10 - C50) for 2011-2020. Results. For 2011-2020 42,376 new cases of BC and 12,914 deaths from this pathology were registered. The average annual crude incidence rate was 46.4+or-1.10/0000 (95%CI=44.3-48.5), and increased from 40.8+or-0.70/0000 (2011) to 51 .3+or-0.70/0000 in 2019 and then decrease to 44.2+or-0.70/0000 in 2020 (p<0.001). In dynamics, mortality rates tended to (p<0.001) decrease from 16.1+or-0.40/0000 (2009) to 11.9+or-0.40/0000 in 2019 and 11.5+or- 0.40/0000 in 2020, and the average annual crude mortality rate was 14.2+or-0.60/0000 (95%CI=13.1-15.3). Indicators of early diagnosis (stage I-II) improved from 73.4% (2011) to 86.9% in 2019, and decreased to 84.2% in 2020. Proportion of patients with stage III decreased (from 20.9% in 2011 to 8.4% in 2019 and to 10.0% in 2020) and stage IV (from 5.6% to 4.2% and 5.0%, respectively), i.e. neglect rates are declining. The indicators of morphological verification improved from 95.7% to 99.4% over the years. Conclusions. As a result of the analysis, an improvement in the indicators of morphological verification, early diagnosis, a decrease in the neglect and mortality rates were established. The trends in 2011-2019 differed significantly from the period from 2011-2020, which is due to the COVID-19 pandemic on the registration of BC.

Ultra-sensitive Detection of Alzheimer's Biosmarkers Using Plasmonic Optical Fiber Sensors

The emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic has drawn great attention to vulnerable people affected by major diseases. Among them, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent disease. However, a long-standing challenge is to achieve early diagnosis of AD by detecting biomarkers such as amyloid beta (Aβ42), thus avoiding the labor of specialized hospital personnel and the high cost of imaging examinations using positron emission tomography. In this paper, we report a straightforward approach to realize a non-invasive lab-around fiber (LaF) optical sensor for AD biomarker detection, which is based on a tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) combined with a nanoscale metallic thin film. We successfully demonstrated the detection of Aβ42 in complex biological matrices with a detection limit of 5 pg/mL. Therefore, our TFBG-SPR biosensor platform enables large-scale early disease screening and has great potential for clinical applications in early AD diagnosis. © 2022 IEEE.

Predicting COVID-19 from Chest X-ray Images using a New Deep Learning Architecture

The spread of coronavirus disease in late 2019 caused huge damage to human lives and forced a chaos in health care systems around the globe. Early diagnosis of this disease can help separate patients from healthy people. Therefore, precise COVID-19 detection is necessary to prevent the spread of this virus. Many artificial intelligent technologies for example deep learning models have been applied successfully for this task by employing chest X-ray images. In this paper, we propose to classify chest X-ray images using a new end-To-end convolutional neural network model. This new model consists of six convolutional blocks. Each block consists of one convolutional layer, one ReLU layer, and one max-pooling layer. The new model was applied on a challenging imbalanced COVID19 dataset of 5000 images, divided into two classes, COVID and Non-COVID. In experiments, the input image is first resized to 256×256×3 before being fed to the model. Two metrics were used to test our new model: sensitivity and specificity. A sensitivity rate of 97% was achieved along with a specificity rate of 99.32%. These results are promising when compared to other deep learning models applied on the same dataset. © 2022 IEEE.

Evaluation with Roc Analysis, Logistics Regression Analysis and Other Statistical Tests Analysis of Retrospective Results of Biochemistry Laboratory Results, Analysised in Covid-19 Infected Serum or Plasma (Crp, Procalcitonin, Ferritin, D-Dimer, Fibrinogen, Ast, Alt, Ldh)

Objectives: A new type of coronavirus that emerged in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019, caused the Covid-19 (SARS-COV2) pandemic. Common cold symptoms are seen, but in more severe cases, pneumonia, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), coagulopathy, multi-organ failure are seen, and it causes death in the course of time. In this study, among the laboratory parameters followed in cases diagnosed with Covid-19 and followed in home isolation, service and intensive care unit;It is aimed to retrospectively evaluate CRP, procalcitonin, ferritin, D-Dimer, fibrinogen AST, ALT and LDH levels with ROC and other statistical analyzes in terms of predicting mortality in the treatment and follow-up of the disease. Materials-Methods: Between 01.04.2020 and 01.10.2020, the patients who applied to Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical Faculty Hospital with cold symptoms and were diagnosed with Covid-19 with RT-PCR positivity, were analyzed from Covid-19 infected serum and plasma. The results of the biomarkers were examined. Demographic data, vital signs and laboratory findings of the cases were compared. The results were statistically evaluated with the SPSS 22.0 package program. Result(s): 300 cases who received home isolation, service and supportive treatment in the intensive care unit were included in the study. Crp, Pct, D-dimer, ferritin, fibrinogen, LDH, AST and ALT values were found to be statistically significant. According to the results of ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) analysis performed to determine the predictive values of laboratory parameters that were significant as a result of univariate statistical analysis, Crp (0.890775), Pct (0.86795), D-dimer (0.856975), ferritin (0.836975), LDH (0.7829), fibrinogen (0.773925), AST (0.685925) and ALT (0.594025) were found. Conclusion(s): The high mutation ability of SARS-CoV-2 makes it difficult to control the pandemic. Therefore, early diagnosis of the disease has gained importance for the treatment of patients with high mortality risk. According to the ROC results we obtained in this study, it supports that CRP, Procalcitonin, Ferritin, D-dimer and LDH levels can be used as effective parameters in determining the prognosis and mortality risk in Covid-19 patients.

Evaluation of Early Diagnosis of COVID-19 Algorithms

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been stated as a global pandemic, and the BA.4 and BA.5 variants are anticipated to drive the next wave of COVID-19 infection. Early diagnosis of this infection reduces its viral excretion. In this paper, after a large study of existing algorithms for pre-symptomatic COVID-19 detection in the state-of-the-art, we discovered a notable flaw in most models related to the choice of the evaluation function, such that, all the tested algorithms perform worse (from the evaluation function perspective) than an algorithm that generates alarms randomly from a binomial distribution. Therefore, we propose a simple and less biased evaluation function to better compare the quality of different algorithms. Comprehensive experimental evaluations of the state-of-the-art algorithms over the real-world dataset published by Nature Medicine journal contains 84 COVID-19 patients and 2,000 healthy participants show the effectiveness and the relevance of our evaluation method. Moreover, the proposed framework is released as an open-source library. © 2022 IEEE.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder after BIBP COVID-19 vaccine: A case report

Background: With the COVID-19 vaccine now available, there have been occasional reports of post-vaccination neurological complications. Case presentation: In this report, we present a case of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) that developed one month after the patient received the second dose of BIBP COVID-19 vaccine (SARS-CoV-2-Vaccine [Vero Cell] Inactivated). The patient presented with itching, numbness in the hand and right side of the face, as well as nausea, vomiting, and hiccups. Brain MRI revelead lesions in the area postrema, medulla, and bilateral hypothalamus, which are typical of NMOSD. Serum antibodies to anti-AQP4 and anti-MOG were negative. Conclusion(s): The pathogenesis of NMOSD development after vaccination is still unknown. NMOSD is generally aggressive and disabling, it is important for the neurologist to be attentive to the highly variable clinical presentation after COVID-19 vaccination for early diagnosis and effective treatment.Copyright © 2023

The effectiveness of secondary prevention of malignant neoplasms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of the detection of malignant neoplasms (MNPs) when implementing secondary preventive measures against cancer in municipal healthcare facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods. The model of the Volga Federal District (VFD) of Russia was used to conduct analytical and statistical studies of the rates of active detection of MNPs in the municipal healthcare facilities in 2019-2020. The demographic indicators and state statistics data, which were publicly available on the Internet, on the official websites of the territorial health authorities, oncology dispensaries of the VFD subjects, were comparatively analyzed. A database (State Registration Certificate of the Russian Federation under No. 2021621834/01.09.21) was used to evaluate the effectiveness of secondary preventive measures against cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Results. Compared to 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic caused a 2.1% expansion in the network of patients' examination rooms mainly due to an increase in the number of male rooms by 5.6% and mixed-type rooms by 6.3%. The number of mid-level healthcare workers that provided the functioning of patients' examination rooms rose by 5.2%;the proportion of specialists trained in the area of oncology decreased by 20% (85% in 2019 and 68.1% in 2020). The introduction of restrictive measures determined a statistically significant (p<0.05) decline in the proportion of people who had undergone a primary medical examination in the male (32.9%), female (35.6%), and general (34.7%) populations. The mean frequency of detected MNPs in 2019 and 2020 was 0.91 and 0.76, respectively (a 16.5% decrease). There was an increase in the incidence of lung cancer (LC) (a 4.2% increase) and a reduction in that of breast cancer (BC) (a 56.6% decrease). A comparative assessment of changes in the rate of active detection of MNPs in healthcare facilities at all health levels revealed a negative increase in its mean value in 2020 versus 2019 for colorectal cancer (CRC) (-25.6%), LC (-25.0% ), BC (-11.6%), cervical cancer (CC) (-12.4%), and prostate cancer (PC) (-2.1%). The prognosis of the number of actively detected MNP cases during the pandemic shows that, provided that the effectiveness of MNP detection rates remains the same as in 2019;there were no CRC (n = about 1100 cases), LC (n=1050), BC (n=1470), CC (n=300), and PC (n=300) cases in the VFD in 2020. An analysis of the effectiveness of secondary preventive measures against LC and BC in the VFD showed that among the number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease in 2019, there were LC (92.3%) and BC (75.1%) cases in the municipal healthcare facilities;there were LC (100%) and BC (60.9%) cases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion. The COVID-19 pandemic led to a decline in the number of participants in preventive activities. Considering the uneven territorial spread of COVID-19, the development of a methodology for the preventive measures adapted to a pandemic, mainly in the municipal healthcare facilities, is an extremely important area of preventive healthcare activities.Copyright © 2022, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved.

Journal Club

The article presents a discussion on recognizing criterias for COVID-19 associated hyper inflammation by comparing two cohort studies.

Psychological Factors of Early Diagnosis of Malignant Neoplasms of the Most Common Localizations (On the Example of Lung Cancer and Stomach Cancer)1

Introduction. Solving the problem of survival and effectiveness of treatment of patients with malignant neoplasms, improving their quality of life is a national goal and a strategic task for the development of the Russian Federation. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which has imposed restrictions on many areas of people's lives, including healthcare, the number of cancer detections in the late stages of the disease has increased tremendously. This trend will inevitably lead to an increase in the number of cancer patients, as well as mortality. The aim of this study is to identify psychological factors associated with early detection of lung cancer and gastric cancer. Materials and methods. Methods for diagnosing psychological predictors of early diagnosis of lung cancer and stomach cancer were survey methods: the scale of world assumptions, Janoff-Bulman R., adaptation of M. A. Padun, A. V. Kotelnikova;methodology of the Level of subjective control (E. F. Bazhin, E. A. Golynkina, L. M. Etkind);Life Orientation Test, Scheier M. F., Carver C. S, adapted by Tsiring D. A., Evnina K. Yu.), Hardiness Survey, S. Maddi, adapted by D. Leontiev). As methods for quantitative processing of empirical data: methods of descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, discriminant analysis. The design of the study involves the analysis of the psychological characteristics of patients with lung cancer (N=26) and stomach cancer (N=32) at various stages of the disease. Results. According to the data obtained, early diagnosis of patients with gastric cancer depends on coping behavior, in particular strategies such as taking responsibility and planning to solve the problem. These coping behaviors are adaptive, encouraging patients to use more adaptive coping mechanisms. Also, according to the data obtained, early diagnosis of patients with lung cancer depends on the locus of control in the field of interpersonal relationships (internal locus of control), low pain intensity and its impact on the ability to engage in daily activities, features of coping behavior, in particular, the lack of a confrontation strategy. Conclusion. The results of the study of psychological predictors of early diagnosis of gastric cancer and lung cancer revealed specific psychological predictors for each localization of malignant neoplasms. A more complete understanding of the psychological factors of early cancer diagnosis may be useful for understanding how psychological personality traits can affect the timeliness of patients seeking cancer treatment, the provision of psychological and supportive services to cancer patients at various stages of the disease, and the identification of patients at risk who are prone to late cancer. seeking oncological treatment.